PHY
PHY, defined by IEEE-802.3, is an abbreviation for the physical layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, and is also usually the most complex. It is special because it is the only layer of the OSI model where data is physically moved across the network interface. It refers to the underlying circuitry required to implement physical layer functions within a network. This fundamental layer is the backbone of logical data structures for the higher-level network function and is intended to consolidate the hardware requirements of a network.The major function of the physical layer is the bit-level transmission and reception of data between different devices over a physical medium within a network. However, it is important to note that the physical medium itself is not included in the physical layer. The details of the operation of cables, connectors, pins, transceivers, and other hardware devices are a function of the physical layer. It provides the data encoding and signaling required to transform the data from bits that reside within a computer into signals that can be sent over the network.After encoding the data correctly, the layer actually transmits and receives the data. This applies to both wired and wireless networks, even if no tangible cables exist. Read more Read less
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