The electrical properties of biological tissues are classified as active or passive depending on the source of electricity. We talk about active response when biological tissues generate electricity due to the ions inside the cells.
These electrical signals are referred to as bio-potentials and the best-known examples can be found in electrocardiography and electroencephalography. The response is passive when the biological tissue responds to an external electrical stimulus, like a current or a voltage generator. In this case, we are dealing with a bio-impedance.
Read this technical article from Analog Devices’ to learn about bioelectrical impedance analysis, a low cost, noninvasive technique for measuring the composition of the human body and evaluating clinical conditions.