The measurement of input current is essential in many different applications. This article from Analog Devices can help you choose the proper design for your circuit.
There are a few common ways to incorporate input current measurement into a circuit. Perhaps the most straightforward is to add a shunt on the current path, even though it can’t provide any level-shifting. A second method is to reduce the shunt value and increase the amplifier gain, though this can lead to increased noise and lower precision. The third method is to design a trans-impedance amplifier circuit (TIA), which functions by wrapping the shunt around an op amplifier. This method reduces the burden voltage to almost zero. Finally, the fourth common method is to use an instrumentation amplifier (in-amp) or current-sense amp, which are convenient and high-precision. Resources available from Analog Devices, such as the Photodiode Wizard and the Diamond Plot Tool, can help you design the most efficient circuit for your application.
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