SJ-FET-based SSR solutions: the best way to upgrade from EMRs, TRIACs and SCRs

D 2023年6

Infineon’s SJ-FET-based solid-state relays for your AC applications offer faster switching, higher reliability, lower power dissipation, and cost-effectiveness. Featuring Infineon’s CoolMOS™ S7 SJ MOSFET technology they will make you benefit from an unprecedentedly low RDS(on) x A figure of merit.

From EMRs to highly efficient SSRs

Mature and well-established - Electromechanical relays (EMR) have certain inherent weaknesses. The major weakness is contact degradation caused by arcing during contact opening and closing. The noise caused by the metal contacts' movement is undesirable in certain applications. Also, the increasing contact resistance over time makes their behavior less predictable. Especially in high-performance applications with increased reliance on system availability and reliability, EMRs are increasingly being replaced by SSR solutions.

Today’s alternatives to EMRs in AC applications are solid-state relays (SSR) based on TRIACs - silicon-controlled rectifiers (SCRs) or IGBT - or planar-MOSFET based SSR-solutions. These SSR solutions have their limitations. Compared to EMRs they suffer from limited controllability, limited maximum output current and their high-power dissipation of 1 W/A or more require thermal handling via heatsink, making them a less power dense and more expensive solution in high power applications.

FET-based solid-state relays can overcome the limitations of today’s TRIACs or SCRs. They enable an SSR solution with highest reliability, increased power density, advanced control and protection methods. However, today’s standard FET technologies come with a high R_DS(on) x A Figure-of-Merit in the range of 2-3 Ωmm² , which leads to a large chip and thus they are significantly more expensive than TRIACs or SCRs.

Why Superjunction (SJ)-FET based SSR solutions?

New generations of SSR are possible thanks to Infineon’s CoolMOS™ S7 Superjunction MOSFET technology. The CoolMOS™ S7 family – optimized for static switching applications - is the ideal SJ MOSFET for use in solid-state relay applications. Implementing an SSR with CoolMOS™ S7 offers the same advantages as conventional FET SSRs, as mentioned above, but with a significant improvement in cost performance:

The latest CoolMOS™ S7 technology offers an unprecedentedly low R_DS(on) x A Figure-of-Merit of 0.6 Ωmm² meeting the needs of next generation smart miniature solid state relay solutions for mid voltage 200V-500V applications.

From electromechanical relays (EMR) to robust semiconductor solutions: Solid-State Relays (SSR) with optimized superjunction FET Technology.

Download Whitepaper

Key features & benefits of SJ-FET based SSR solutions

Operational lifetime: tens of millions of operations
- → Maintenance free (no degradation of contacts), MRO cost savings
No mechanical parts
- → Arcing-free operation, no contact bounce, clicking noise is eliminated
Significantly faster switching
- → Advanced control and protection methods
No increasing resistance over lifetime
- → Stable performance, predictable behavior
Lowest R_DS(on) x A in class
- → Highest power density, minimized cooling effort, parallelization and scalability

From legacy EMR to next generation SJ-FET SSR.

EMR-Triac-SSR-SJ-FET-SSR description diagram

Comparison of EMR, SSR and SJ-FET based SSR

Feature	Electromechanical Relay (EMR)		Solid State Relays (SSR)		CoolMos™ S76 SJ-FET based SSR
Long Life	✕	Mechanical switch Arcing deteriorates contacts and cause safety concern 100k-1M cycles lifetime	✓	Electrical switch No arcing, stable contact resistance over time Virtually unlimited cylces lifetime	✓	Electrical switch No arcing, stable contact resistance over time Virtually unlimited cylces lifetime
Size & Weight	✕	Heavy and bulky	✓	Possibly large heatsinks required	✓	Best-in-class R_on x A enable smallest footprint, up to designs without heatsink
Quiet Operation	✕	Noisy due to mechanical switching	✓	No acoustical noise	✓	No acoustical noise
Harsh conditions	✕	Sensitive to shock and vibration Irregular and unreliable operation due to sparks and arcs	✓	Resistant to shock and vibration Reliable operation due to less electrical disturbance	✓	Resistant to shock and vibration Reliable operation due to less electrical disturbance
Position Insensitive	✕	Position sensitive	✓	Suitable for mounting in vertical or horizontal position	✓	Suitable for mounting in vertical or horizontal position
Responsiveness	✕	Slow response time: <15>	✓	Fast response time: <100>	✓	Fast response time: <100>
CAPEX cost	✓	Low-cost solution for low-frequency applications	✕	More expensive solution with limitations on controllability and power dissipation Heatsink required for higher power application	✓	Cost-optimized solution especially for high frequency applications including advanced control and feature set No heatsinks required in certain applications
OPEX cost	✕	High due to wear and tear replacement costs, maintenance service costs and high power losses	✓	Lowest thanks to long lifetime and high efficiency	✓	Lowest thanks to long lifetime and high efficiency
Efficiency & Power Consumption	✕	Low conduction losses Coil current threshold to switch large loads	✕	Medium conduction losses Little input power to switch large loads	✓	Low conduction losses Little input power to switch large loads
EMI	✕	Voltage spikes risk non-compliance with EMC standards	✓	Inherent low-noise characteristics for EMI sensitive environments	✓	Inherent low-noise characteristics for EMI sensitive environments
Magnetic Noise Immunity	✕	Sensitiveness of magnetic coil	✓	Little to no effect	✓	Little to no effect
Galvanic isolation	✓	Galvanic isolation and physical contact gap	✓	Galvanic isolation and physical contact gap via hybrid solution possible	✓	Galvanic isolation and physical contact gap via hybrid solution possible
AC switch	✓	Yes	✓	Most common in low to high voltage AC	✓	universal 0 - 250 VAC
DC switch	✓	Yes	✓	Planar-based for limited to 0 V - 150 VDC	✓	universal 0 - 250 VDC
Compatibility with Control Systems	✕	Yes	✓	Limited controllability (AC only)	✓	Scalable solution with direct μC control possibilities supporting IoT and diagnostic features Advanced features such as overcurrent protection, overtemperature protection, status feedback, and many more

Application Diagram

Choose from our granular CoolMOS™ S7 portfolio

Download Product Selection Guide: Experience the difference in power: CoolMOS™ - CoolSiC™ - CoolGaN™

R_DS(on,max) [mΩ]	TO-220	TOLL	QDPAK TSC	QDPAK BSC
R_DS(on,max) [mΩ]
10			IPDQ60R010S7	IPQC60R010S7
17			IPDQ60R017S7	IPQC60R017S7
22	IPP60R022S7	IPT60R022S7	IPDQ60R022S7
40	IPP60R040S7	IPT60R040S7	IPDQ60R040S7	IPQC60R040S7
65	IPP60R065S7	IPT60R065S7	IPDQ60R065S7
Package Guidance	Industry standard package	Compact, high power SMD package	Highest performance SMD package with novel top-side cooling	Highest performance SMD package with standard bottom-side cooling

CoolMOS™ S7 SJ MOSFET Features and Benefits

*compared to SCR(TRIAC), IGBT- or planar-MOSFET-based SSR solutions
Features	Benefits
Optimized superjunction (SJ) technology with best-in-class R_DS(on) x A in powerful SMD packages	Eliminated or reduced heat sink of 40%^* in volume
Optimized for conduction performance, similar to EMR	More compact and easier designs with 95.4%^* reduced PCB space
Improved thermal resistance	High flexibility in design for mounting in vertical or horizontal positions
High pulse current capability	Resistant to shock and vibration
Body diode robustness at AC line commutation	Lower losses and high-power density allow for easy fit into standard form factors
Lower footprint^*, equivalent to EMR	The higher efficiency lowers total cost of ownership (TCO)^*
Advanced control & feature set	SJ-FET based solution enable embedded control and protection for overall system size reduction and higher system reliability and longer lifetime lowering maintenance costs
Low power dissipation	Suitable for AC and DC switching
Scalability to user needs
Same size and packaging density as EMR
Galvanic isolation via hybrid solution (SSR + electromechanical relay) for faster response

Complementary gate driver ICs

Download Product Selection Guide: Infineon EiceDRIVER™ gate driver ICs - Selection guide 2022

Product family		Output voltage	Output current [typ.]	Isolation type	Package	Part Number
EiceDRIVER™	1EDB	20V	5.4/9.8 A	Functional/basic isolation	DSO-8	1EDB6275F
						1EDB8275F
						1EDB9275F
	1EDN TDI	20V	4/8 A	Non-isolated	SOT-23-6	1EDN6550B
						1EDN8550B
						1EDN9550B
	1EDN	20V	4/8 A	Non-isolated	SOT-23-6	1EDN8511B
	1EDI	20V	±2 to ±6 A	Functional isolation	DSO-8	1EDI10I12MF
						1EDI20I12MF
						1EDI30I12MF
	1ED	25V	±2.6 A	non-isolated	SOT-23-6	1ED44173N01B
		40V	±3 to ± 6A	Functional isolation	DSO-16	1ED3431MU12M
		40V	±3 to ± 6A	Functional isolation		1ED3461MU12M
		40V	±3 to ± 6A	Reinforced isolation		1ED3431MC12M
		40V	±3 to ± 6A	Reinforced isolation		1ED3461MC12M

Complementing Gate Driver ICs - Additional Info

Complementing Photovoltaic Isolators

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