Electrochemical gas sensors are used in industrial, medical, automotive, and other applications to detect and measure the concentrations of a wide range of toxic gases such as carbon monoxide (CO) or hydrogen sulfide (H2S). This article covers the principle of operation of an electrochemical gas sensor, discusses interface design challenges and solutions, and reviews several Analog Devices reference designs developed specifically for these applications.
As part of their “Circuits from The Lab” portfolio, Analog Devices offers four unique reference designs that use ADI components to address different electro-chemical sensor interface and application challenges. Each reference comes complete with design and integration files, factory-tested evaluation hardware, application source code, and a comprehensive documentation package.
A typical electrochemical (EC) gas sensor has three electrodes: a working electrode (WE), also known as sensing electrode (SE); a reference electrode (RE); and a counter electrode (CE). The three electrodes are surrounded by an electrolyte. During operation, the target gas enters the sensor through a porous membrane where it interacts with the working electrode; depending on the gas, the resulting electrochemical reaction may be either oxidation or reduction. The reaction generates a current between the working electrode and the counter electrode that is proportional to the amount of gas.
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