Electric vehicles are no longer niche specialties, appealing only to the most fervent fans. They are almost to the point of being mainstream, with popularity and market penetration growing by the year. As EV battery chemistries evolve to use cheaper and more readily available minerals, battery management software must evolve as well to ensure optimum charging and efficiency. In this content, explore the latest battery monitoring system development platform from Analog Devices, the ADI-BATTERY-STACK-MONITOR.
Battery Monitoring System Evaluation platform:
A Battery Monitoring System (BMS) plays a crucial role in safeguarding both the user and the battery by ensuring the cell operates within its safe operating parameters. It allows monitoring, gathering and communicating information to an external interface where users can observe the status of each cell and the health of the battery pack. The system monitors and manages a battery pack to protect it from damage, prolong its life, and keep the battery operating within its safety limits. These functions are key to efficiency, reliability, and safety.
Typically, the Battery Management System performs the following functions:
- Monitor battery
- Provide battery protection
- Estimate the battery’s operational state
- Optimize battery performance
- Report operational status
Battery Monitoring System Evaluation Platform:
The Analog Devices ADI-BATTERY-STACK-MONITOR is an evaluation platform designed for quick evaluation, proof of concept development or prototyping of a battery management system using the Analog Devices BMCU Board Unit, EVAL-ADBMS1818 Slave Battery Stack Monitor, and DC2472A 18-Cell Stimulus Board.
The BMCU Board Unit is based on the MAX32626 Ultra-Low-Power Arm Cortex-M4 with FPU-Based Microcontroller (MCU) with 512KB Flash and 160KB SRAM.
In the BMS, the ADI-BATTERY-STACK-MONITOR board serves as a master and can be connected via isoSPI to the Analog Devices EVAL-ADBMS1818 Slave Battery Stack Monitor which is a Multicell Battery Stack Monitor device. Multiple devices can be connected in series in a daisy-chained manner having a single connection with the BMCU Board Unit, allowing simultaneous cell monitoring of long, high-voltage battery strings up to 18 cells in series. Each ADBMS1818 Slave unit has an isoSPI interface for high-speed, RF immune and long-distance communications. This daisy chain can be operated bidirectionally, ensuring communication integrity, even in the event of a fault along the communication path.
The ADI-BATTERY-STACK-MONITOR platform is provided with reference designs, device drivers, and reference project examples for rapid prototyping and reduced development time. The boards are currently supported with a full suite of drivers and demonstrations.
Analog Devices BMCU Board Unit Technical Specifications:
| Microcontroller |
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| IsoSPI |
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| USB |
|
| CAN interface for Future expansion |
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| FRC connector |
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| Arduino Shield Connector |
|
| User Interface |
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| Debug |
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| LEDs |
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| Power input |
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The hardware architecture diagram of the BMCU Board Unit is shown below. It is comprised of the following main components:
- MAX32626ITK+ microcontroller with ARM Cortex-M4 FPU Processor.
- USB Interface for communication and power supply source.
- 2 IsoSPI ports and 2 Standard SPI are available for communication with ADBMS1818 Slave units.
- Onboard provision for EEPROM is provided and connected via I2C.
- Arduino Shield connectors are available for extending the functionality of the board.
- Isolated CAN Interface is provided using an SPI to CAN controller.
BMCU Board Unit reference design firmware demonstrates monitoring of individual cells connected to the ADBMS1818 Slave unit. Up to 3 ADBMS1818 Slave units can be daisy-chained, with each board monitoring up to 18 cells. The sample Windows application running on the PC/Laptop shows monitored cell data. Apart from monitoring cell voltage, the software application displays a real-time graph on the user interface and demonstrates monitoring different safety guards e.g.
- Cell Over-voltage
- Cell Under-Voltage
- Cell Open-wire.
- Die Under-Temperature
- Die Over-Temperature
The figure below shows the setup of the ADI-BATTERY-STACK-MONITOR using the BMCU Board Unit and ADBMS1818 Slave unit. The DC2472A 18-Cell Stimulus Board is used to simulate the battery voltage. Alternatively, a battery pack with 18 cells can be connected to the ADBMS1818 Slave unit.
The Analog Devices ADI-BATTERY-STACK-MONITOR is ideal for the following applications:
- Backup battery systems
- Grid energy storage
- Residential energy storage
- UPS
- High-power portable equipment
Development Resources
ADI-BATTERY-STACK-MONITOR platform user guide, reference design, software code and documents
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